Antineoplasikoen albo-ondorioak: zein dira eta nola maneiatzen dira?

Azken bi hamarkadak oso garrantzitsuak izan dira minbiziaren tratamenduaren garapenerako. Terapia molekular gidatua eta immunitatearen kontrol-puntuen inhibitzaileak garatu dira eta terapia zitotoxiko estandarrarekin batera minbizi mota desberdinen ohiko tratamendu bihurtu dira. Terapia berri hauen toxikotasun-profila terapia zitotoxikoarenaren aldean desberdina da. Terapia molekular gidatuak toxikotasun-profil jasangarriagoa du, nahiz eta jatorri eta larritasun desberdineko albo-ondorioak eragin. Immunitatearen kontrol-puntuen inhibitzaileek, berriz, immunitatearekin zerikusia duten albo-ondorioak eragiten dituzte. Gaixoei behar bezalako arreta eskaintzeko beharrezkoa da antineoplasiko-talde desberdin hauen albo-ondorio ohikoenak zein diren ezagutzea, bai eta horien maneiuan trebatzea ere. Gako-hitzak: antineoplasikoak, toxikotasuna, albo-ondorioak, kimioterapia zitotoxikoa, terapia molekular gidatua, immunitatearen kontrol-puntuen inhibitzaileak, immunoterapia. Undesirable effects of antineoplastic agents: which are they and how are they handled? The development of cancer treatment over the last two decades has been very important. Guided molecular therapy and inhibitors of immune control points have been developed and along with standard cytotoxic therapy, they have become common treatments for different types of cancer. The toxicity profile of these new therapies is different from that of cytotoxic therapy. Guided molecular therapy has a more sustainable toxicity profile, even if it causes undesirable effects of varying origin and severity. Inhibitors of immune control points, on the other hand, cause undesirable effects related to immunity. In order to provide adequate care to patients, it is necessary to know the most common adverse effects of these different antineoplastic groups, as well as to be trained in their management. Keywords: antineoplastic agents, toxicity, adverse reactions, cytotoxic chemotherapy, guided molecular therapy, immune control point inhibitors, immunotherapy.